關(guān)于離散空間定位和連續(xù)空間定位

Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) operating in the Ultra-Wideband domain are becoming more common in many applications; ranging from automated student attendance verification to tool tracking for major aircraft manufacturers. The reason that UWB is gaining in popularity is that it has many attributes that allow it to provide new capabilities that are not possible with traditional RTLS. The choice of UWB RTLS architecture will impact the ability to achieve the greatest ROI from these new capabilities.

在超寬帶域中運(yùn)行的實(shí)時(shí)定位系統(tǒng)（RTLS）在許多應(yīng)用中變得越來(lái)越普遍；從自動(dòng)學(xué)生出勤驗(yàn)證到主要飛機(jī)制造商的工具跟蹤。UWB 越來(lái)越受歡迎的原因是它具有許多屬性，使其能夠提供傳統(tǒng) RTLS 無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的新功能。UWB RTLS 架構(gòu)的選擇將影響從這些新功能中實(shí)現(xiàn)最 大投資回報(bào)率的能力。

Some system architectures are designed to only provide locating in specific areas of coverage. This is a result of architecture choices that make the system too expensive for continuous coverage. Typically these architectures use discrete, multi sensor cells with inward focused antennas for each area of coverage, with each cell being a complete subsystem. For the purposes of this paper, we’ll term this discrete cell architecture. Unfortunately these architectures can add cost, complexity, and the potential for error associated with cell handoff.

一些系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)被設(shè)計(jì)為僅提供定位于特定的覆蓋區(qū)域。這是由于使系統(tǒng)過(guò)于昂貴的架構(gòu)選擇以實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)覆蓋。通常這些架構(gòu)使用具有向內(nèi)聚焦天線的離散多傳感器單元對(duì)于每個(gè)覆蓋區(qū)域，每個(gè)小區(qū)都是一個(gè)完整的子系統(tǒng)。出于本文的目的，我們將這種離散單元架構(gòu)稱為“分立單元架構(gòu)”。不幸的是這些架構(gòu)會(huì)增加成本、復(fù)雜性以及與小區(qū)切換相關(guān)的錯(cuò)誤的可能性。

Discrete cell architecture can affect not only the cost of coverage, but the cost of installation. Systems built with discrete cell architecture must rely on sophisticated radio channel schemes, which increase the cost of site design and increase the complexity of post installation tuning. Although there can be some benefits, these same results can be achieved by other means without adding the complexity of additional long range radio links.

離散小區(qū)架構(gòu)不僅會(huì)影響覆蓋成本，還會(huì)影響安裝成本。系統(tǒng)采用離散單元架構(gòu)構(gòu)建必須依賴復(fù)雜的無(wú)線電信道方案，這增加了站點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)的成本并增加了安裝后調(diào)整的復(fù)雜性。雖然可以帶來(lái)一些好處，這些相同的結(jié)果可以通過(guò)其他方式實(shí)現(xiàn)，而無(wú)需增加額外的長(zhǎng)的復(fù)雜性范圍無(wú)線電鏈路。

Cost of Ownership can also be affected by architectural fundamentals. The addition of two way radio communication using non-UWB channels draws significantly higher power from the tag and can thwart one of the prime advantages of UWB: Ultra long battery life at very fast update rates.

擁有成本也會(huì)受到架構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)的影響。添加使用非 UWB 通道的雙向無(wú)線電通信會(huì)顯著提高標(biāo)簽的功率，并可能阻礙 UWB 的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)之一：以非?？斓母滤俾蕦?shí)現(xiàn)超長(zhǎng)的電池壽命。

By choosing a system architecture that is designed to provide complete coverage over large areas and utilizes simple beacon UWB radio links, assets or people can be constantly tracked throughout an entire enterprise in a cost effective manner, over a long period of time, without interruption.

通過(guò)選擇旨在提供大面積完全覆蓋并利用簡(jiǎn)單信標(biāo) UWB 無(wú)線電鏈路的系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)，可以在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)以經(jīng)濟(jì)高效的方式不間斷地持續(xù)跟蹤整個(gè)企業(yè)的資產(chǎn)或人員 。

A system that is designed for continuous coverage can utilize receivers that don’t view a single direction,but look in all directions at once. This allows a single location sensor, (radio receiver) to replace 4 celltype location sensors that only have a 90 degree field of view. The result is a greatly reduced number ofsensors, and a corresponding reduction in costly cabling.

專為連續(xù)覆蓋而設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)可以利用不查看單個(gè)方向而是同時(shí)查看所有方向的接收器。這允許單個(gè)位置傳感器（無(wú)線電接收器）取代僅具有 90 度視場(chǎng)的 4 個(gè)單元類型位置傳感器。其結(jié)果是大大減少了傳感器的數(shù)量，并相應(yīng)減少了昂貴的布線。

Additionally, it is possible to have tags that blink at a rate of once per second, but will still blink continuously for 7 years without the complexity of motion sensors and other sources of field failures. Since the update of rate of these tags is so high, a second radio to manipulate that update rate is not required. This simplifies installation, virtually eliminates post installation tweaking, and minimizes maintenance.

此外，標(biāo)簽可以每秒閃爍一次，但仍會(huì)連續(xù)閃爍 7 年，而無(wú)需復(fù)雜的運(yùn)動(dòng)傳感器和其他現(xiàn)場(chǎng)故障來(lái)源。由于這些標(biāo)簽的更新速率如此之高，因此不需要第二個(gè)無(wú)線電來(lái)操縱該更新速率。這簡(jiǎn)化了安裝，幾乎消除了安裝后的調(diào)整，并最 大限度地減少了維護(hù)。